Flower position: For such trait, he took flower on axial position (dominant form) and another on terminal position (recessive form).Stem length: For such a character, Mendel took tall stem (dominant form) and dwarf stem (recessive form).Mendel took seven different traits with two forms (dominant and recessive) in his experiment: Phenotype: It refers to the visible traits of an organism like colour, length, and shape etc., that results after a gene expression.A dominant gene (represented by an uppercase letter ‘ D‘) expresses its phenotypic characters significantly over a recessive gene (represented by a lower case letter ‘ d‘). Genotype: It refers to the specific arrangement of alleles for a given pair of genes.If a gene carry two different types (dominant and recessive) of alleles, an individual is said to have a “ Heterozygous genotype”. If a gene carry two identical forms of alleles, an individual is said to have a “ Homozygous genotype”.
Alleles: It refers to the two alternative pairs of a gene, in which one pair from each parent is transferred to the offspring.Genes: It refers to the discrete units, where each unit expresses itself independently in the offsprings.Traits: It refers to the features passed from the parent species to the new individuals by the carrier of discrete units.According to the Mendelian inheritance and genetics: Mendel performed experiments in his monastery’s garden on a pea plant. It refers to the theory of inheritance that postulates three generalizations by explaining the law of dominance, segregation and independent assortment.
In this context, we will learn the definition, mendelian traits, law of dominance, law of segregation and law of independent assortment. Sir Mendel performed experiments by taking a plant species ( Pisum sativum or an ordinary garden pea) with different traits. To explain the theory of inheritance, Gregor Johann Mendel introduced three approaches, namely the law of dominance, law of segregation and law of independent assortment.